Hello! In this entry I'm going to educate you on FAT. The good, the bad & the ugly. Good news is that fat is an essential part of our daily diet & should most definitely be consumed in moderation. For our Prader-Willi kids we need to make sure the fats we include in the balanced percentage of their daily intake consists of only qualifying fats. Fat carries vitamins throughout the body & also supplies Essential Fatty Acids. Fat is essential in eye & brain development and for cardiovascular health. It's also necessary for balancing hormones.
Here we go... Fat brings vitamins A, D, E & K to all parts of the body. It is advised not to take mega-doses of these vitamins as they can be
toxic to your body in large quantities. This is because the body
naturally stores these vitamins in fat tissue & your liver, hence
being called fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins include
vitamins B & C, which need to be replenished on a regular basis.
Vitamin A plays a major role in eyesight, bone growth, tooth development, reproduction, cell division & regulation of the immune system.
Vitamin D is responsible for the body's use of calcium by increasing the amount absorbed from the small intestine, helping to form and maintain bones.Vitamin D also plays an essential role in the body's immune system.
Vitamin E** acts as an antioxidant. It also shields
vitamins A and C, red blood cells, and essential fatty acids from being destroyed.
Vitamin K is essential for proper blood clotting & bone health. This vitamin is also naturally produced in the intestines & produces proteins for blood, bones, and kidneys.
Fat also supplies Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs). These are the most important of fats, and play the most important roles.We must ingest EFAs since the body does not produce them on it's own. You know EFAs by their more popular names: Omega 3 & Omega 6.
Seafood contains Omega 3, the type the body prefers, and are linked to lowering the body's level of triglycerides (fat). When the blood is rich with triglycerides there is an increased risk of clots that block the flow of blood to the heart & brain, and an irregular heartbeat.
Seafood's Omega 3, an unsaturated fat, is called DHA (same kind found in mother's breast milk) & EPA. DHA is crucial for the proper development of brain, eyes & heart in children, and has been helpful with attention disorders. EPA is proven to lower inflammation in the body & have positive affects in mental health.
The best source for Omega 3 fats is fatty, cold water fish such as salmon, sardines & tuna. Not only those with Prader-Willi benefit from regular intake of Omega 3. Claire eats her Omega 3 mostly in fish & also takes a supplement each day, which is recommended by her doctor. I add ground flax to things like meatballs & quinoa bites, too!
For the supplement we use Coromega in the orange flavored packets with vitamin D added. To check this out click here: Omega 3 + D
Flax has long been considered a good source of Omega 3, but they are from the essential fat ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) and experts say that less than 10% are actually converted to Omega 3.
Update 9/2015 - We have changed Claire's Omega 3 to Nordic Naturals. Because she has been formally diagnosed with Apraxia of speech, we follow a formula that was created after lots of research specifically with children with significant speech delays. This blog follows this formula as well, and has it nicely written here: https://apraxiastory.wordpress.com/top-3-must-dos/fish-oils/brand-and-dosage-information/
Saturated fat is one of the fats we should restrict the most from our diet, the other is Trans fats. There are no dietary guidelines for saturated fat because the body already produces all it needs, but there is no need to totally avoid saturated fat to maintain good health, just limit it. Cheese, milk & meat are some popular forms of saturated fat & also provide nutrients like protein, vitamins & minerals.
Cheese is a big part of Claire's diet. Right now we rotate cottage cheese, 2% reduced-fat cheese & the part-skim mozzarella, usually in the form of string cheese. We did take her off drinking cow's milk due to the carb content & our own feelings that it isn't a necessary part of her diet, but she eats Greek yogurt all the time. Also, we limit the amount of red meat she consumes and mostly stick to chicken & turkey. We don't seem to have an issue with protein in her diet, it's definitely a challenge with qualifying carbs & fats.
There are highly saturated vegetable fats such as coconut oil, palm & palm kernel oil & cocoa butter and these are considered unhealthy. They are used in packaged goods such as chocolate, cookies, crackers & chips. I know coconut oil is trendy right now, but before you use it on a regular basis please read this: Coconut Oil Update
I understand that it is REALLY difficult to not purchase pre-packaged foods from the grocery store. After these "basics" entries are done, I promise to give you some easy ways to avoid buying some of the popular packaged items & replace them with homemade items.
Eating less saturated fat doesn't necessarily help your weight, either. In a study in The New England Journal of Medicine, they found that a low-carb diet resulted in faster weight loss & better cholesterol levels than those on a low-fat diet, even though the low-carb group was eating more saturated fat. This may be because eating less carbs causes less insulin to be released, which may reduce fat storage, control hunger, and influence metabolism. (I can't help but think of this being a huge reason that the diet of someone with PWS is a carbohydrate-restricted diet). Also, when you replace saturated fats (bacon) with refined carbs (bagel), your triglycerides can go up and your good cholesterol can go down.
Unsaturated fats - monounsaturated & polyunsaturated - should be the primary dietary fats in a diet. Polyunsaturated fats include Omega 3 & can help reduce blood cholesterol. Monounsaturated fats also help reduce blood cholesterol levels, and are typically high in vitamin E. They also
provide nutrients to help develop and maintain your body’s cells.
Sources of polyunsaturated fats include:
- corn & safflower oils
- sunflower seeds & sunflower oil
- flaxseed & flaxseed oil
- soybeans & soybean oil
- Fresh fish (Salmon, Herring & Trout)
Sources of monounsaturated fats include:
- olive, canola & sesame oils
- avocado
- almonds, cashews, pistachios
- peanuts & peanut butter
And here comes that nasty 5-lettered word... TRANS
Trace amounts of trans fats are found naturally in some beef & dairy. Most of them are MAN-MADE fats made when hydrogen GAS reacts with oil. Gross. This is where the name hydrogenated comes from. It converts the oil into a firmer, tastier product & increases it's shelf life.
Trans fats are bad, bad, bad for you. Ditch them! Here's what they will do for you:
- Clog your arteries that feed your heart & brain
- Cause cancer (including breast & colorectal)
- Cause heart disease (reports say this doubles in women)
- Cause heart attack or stroke
Trans fats are found in A LOT of processed foods. Because of it's serious health threat, trans fats were required by the FDA to be listed on (US) food labels starting in 2006. Some food manufacturers have greatly reduced or limited the amount of trans fats used in packaged foods when this rule was enforced. More bad news - any amount at, or under, .5 grams in a serving size is not required to be accounted for on the food label. So if you eat 3 servings of something that has .5 grams of trans fat, 4 times a day, you're really consuming 6 grams of trans fat. YUCK!
Here's a tip to purchase foods without, or with very little, amounts of trans fat. If the nutrition label states 0 Trans Fat, don't stop there. Look at the list of ingredients. Again - you should be reading ALL of your food labels. Look at serving sizes first of all - you'd be surprised at how little some packages consider a serving size. This is what you should do if on that Nutrition Facts label you see the words "hydrogenated" or "partially hydrogenated": Take a mental note of that food item, put the package back on the shelf quickly, back away from the shelf, grab your kids, your cart, your purse, and all things holy to you & don't ever pick up that package ever again (thanks to the mental note you took first).
Biggest categories containing trans fats:
- Fried foods: chicken, French fries, biscuits, fried fish
- Donuts & muffins
- Crackers
- Cookies
- Cake mix, icing & pie
- Microwave popcorn
- Canned biscuits
- International/instant lattes & coffees
Let's play a game. What is WRONG with this food label of these cookies?
I guess this might only be a difficult game if you were color blind...
WAIT! There is good news in all this! A study released in February of 2012 from the Centers of Disease Control & Prevention finds that Americans' blood-levels of trans fats have dropped 58% over the past decade - possibly in part of the new labeling law.
Qualifying fat in a diet of someone with Prader-Willi can prove to be very challenging. Everyone should live by the guidelines on this information on fat. NO TRANS FAT (including no hydrogenated oils), very limited SATURATED fat intake, and regular intake of Omega 3-rich foods. Fat is essential, but we have to be smart about what kinds we consume.
**Research from decades ago suggested that taking antioxidant
supplements, vitamin E in particular, might help prevent heart disease
and cancer. However, newer findings indicate that people who take
antioxidant and vitamin E supplements are not better protected against
heart disease and cancer than non-supplement users. Many studies show a
link between regularly eating an antioxidant rich diet full of fruits
and vegetables, and a lower risk for heart disease, cancer, and several
other diseases. Essentially, recent research indicates that to receive
the full benefits of antioxidants and phytonutrients in the diet, one
should consume these compounds in the form of fruits and vegetables, not
as supplements.
(www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09315.html)